Soil decomposition is the process by which organic matter, such as dead plants, animals, and other organisms, is broken down and transformed into simpler substances by various microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and archaea. These microorganisms play a crucial role in cycling nutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon, back into the soil, making them available for other organisms to use. The decomposition process is influenced by a variety of factors, including temperature, moisture, oxygen levels, and the type and quantity of organic matter present in the soil. Understanding soil decomposition is important for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management, as it affects soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. Researchers in this area study the mechanisms and factors that influence soil decomposition, as well as the effects of human activities, such as agriculture and land use changes, on this process.